Environmental hygiene plays a crucial role in maintaining public health, ensuring food safety, and preventing zoonotic diseases. In the field of veterinary science, understanding the principles of environmental hygiene is essential for safeguarding both animal and human populations. Recognizing the need for a comprehensive yet accessible resource, we present the “Handbook of Environmental Hygiene” a dedicated guide designed to support under graduate students pursuing B.V.Sc. & A.H., particularly in the subject of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology (Unit IV: Environmental Hygiene) as per the MSVE 2016 syllabus. This book is structured to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Given the scarcity of study material in this domain, we have meticulously compiled essential concepts and presented them in a concise, well-organized, and simplified manner. Our objective is to provide students with a clear and practical understanding of environmental hygiene while addressing its implications in veterinary science, public safety, vector control, and disease prevention. We sincerely hope that this book serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and professionals alike. Any constructive feedback and suggestions for improvement will be greatly appreciated.
Dr. Shumaila Taskeen (Chief editor) is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology (VPHE) at MJF CVAS, Chomu, Rajasthan. She holds a doctorate from GADVASU and a post-graduate degree from the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar. A Silver Medalist in B.V.Sc & A.H. from the C.V.A.Sc, G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar, Dr. Taskeen has consistently demonstrated academic and research excellence throughout her career. Her achievements include prestigious scholarships, such as UGC-NET-JRF and ICAR-JRF and numerous awards at International and National conferences and symposiums. She has significantly contributed to her field through high-impact research publications in esteemed journals, book chapters, reviews, and popular articles. Additionally, she is an active peer reviewer for several international journals. She is currently involved in teaching VPHE to the B.V.Sc. & A.H. students.
Dr. Rishi Kumar (Chief editor) is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Livestock Products Technology at MJF CVAS, Chomu, Rajasthan. He holds a Master’s degree in Livestock Products Technology (major) and Veterinary Public Health (minor) from DUVASU, Mathura. His academic research has been centered on animal health management and hygiene, with a particular focus on environmental hygiene and its impact on livestock products, public health, and food safety. During his M.V.Sc., Dr. Kumar gained valuable experience as a Project Assistant in the Department of Livestock Products Technology. He has actively contributed to several research publications and book chapters, further solidifying his expertise in the f ield. Additionally, he serves as a Reviewer for the Farm Frontier e-magazine and e-newsletter, demonstrating his commitment to knowledge dissemination and academic engagement. Through his ongoing research and professional endeavours, Dr. Kumar remains dedicated to enhancing livestock product quality, ensuring public health, and promoting sustainable practices in the livestock industry.
Dr. Nagendra Singh (Co-editor) holds a doctorate in Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics from DUVASU, Mathura. He completed his M.V.Sc. at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology (SVPUAT), Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. A dedicated academician and researcher, Dr. Singh’s commitment is evident through his publications in national and international journals and his qualification in the ASRB-NET examination.
Dr. Anupama Verma (Co-editor) is a dedicated academician and a passionate researcher pursuing her Doctorate (Ph.D) at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly. She is a post-graduate (M.V.Sc.) in Veterinary Medicine from DUVASU, Mathura. Dr. A. Verma has been conferred with many awards including, Best Thesis in Clinical Subjects, Gold Medal in Clinical Subjects, and Bronze Medal for academic excellence in B.V.Sc. & A.H. Her expertise spans across Clinical Veterinary Medicine, with a special focus on animal health management and hygiene. Dr. Verma’s academic journey has been complemented by her keen interest in environmental hygiene, particularly its impact on veterinary practices, public health, and disease prevention. She has previously contributed to numerous publications and book chapters so far.
Dr. Avni Sharma (Co-editor) is working as an Assistant Professor in VPHE at MJF CVAS, Chomu, Rajasthan. With a strong academic foundation, she completed her B.V.Sc. & A.H. from Dr. G. C. Negi COVAS, Palampur (CSKHPKV Agricultural University, Himachal Pradesh) and pursued her post-graduation (M.V.Sc.) in VPHE from GADVASU, Punjab, India. Her M.V.Sc. research work was focused on the Microbiological Assessment of Poultry Slaughtering Units in Punjab, showcasing her expertise in food safety and public health. Currently, Dr. A. Sharma is actively involved in teaching the course of VPHE to the B.V.Sc. & A.H. students.
1 Ecosystems, Biodiversity, and Natural Resources ..................................1 Dr. Rishi Kumar, Dr. Sehrish Gazal and Dr. Richard Thounaojam
2 Environmental Pollution .......................................................................27 Dr. D. Premkumar, Dr. Vaidehi Deorao Chandankar and Rooma
3 Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification, and Eutrophication in Food Chain and Their Mitigation Strategies ..................................................43 Dr. Nagendra Singh, Dr. Sonvir Singh and Dr. Harsimran Singh
4 Air Pollution ..........................................................................................57 Dr. Avni Sharma, Dr. Pallavi Sharma and Dr. Asima Zehra
5 Water Sources, Contamination, and Prevention ....................................67 Dr. Shumaila Taskeen, Dr. Ishita Gupta and Dr. Sanmeet Kour
6 Qualities of Water and Water Purification .............................................75 Dr. Shumaila Taskeen, Dr. Sanmeet Kour and Dr. Pallavi Sharma
7 Vector and Rodent Control ....................................................................91 Dr. Avni Sharma, Dr Anvesha Bhan and Dr. Ishita Gupta
8 Soil, Marine and Thermal Pollution ....................................................121 Dr. Aruna, Dr. Sonu Meena and Dr. Anupama Verma
9 Noise Pollution: Sources, Hazard Prevention, and Control ................131 Dr. Anamika Sahu, Dr. Sundus Gazal and Dr. Sabahat Gazal
10 Nuclear and Radiological Hazards, Its Types and Radiation Protection ............................................................................................141 Dr. Tarun Kumar, Dr. Rishi Kumar and Dr. Anvita Singh
11 National Rules and Legislations Related to Environment Pollution ..............................................................................................155 Dr. Nitasha Sambyal, Dr. Shalini Pandey and Dr. Nidhi Daroch
12 Biosafety Principle and Practices for The Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory .........................................................................171 Dr. Hansmeet Kour, Dr. Tarundeep Singh and Dr Vivekanandhan Rangaraju
13 Understanding Disasters: Classification and Types.............................181 Dr. Sehrish Gazal, Dr. Sundus Gazal and Dr. Sabahat Gazal
14 Sewage Solid and Liquid Waste Management ....................................209 Dr. Anupama Verma, Dr. Peyi Mosing and Dr. Nagella Naveen
15 Sanitation and Disinfection of Farms and Veterinary Hospitals for Infection Control ...........................................................223 Dr. Simranjot Kaur, Dr. Vivekanandhan Rangaraju and Dr. Tinku Beniwal
16 Climate Change, Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming .................231 Dr. Komal, Dr. Vandana Gupta and Dr. Abhishek Rathee
17 Stray Animal Management and Carcass Disposal ..............................243 Dr. Avni Sharma, Dr. Sabahat Gazal and Dr. Sundus Gazal
