Agriculture contributes significantly to the Indian both in terms of employment and GDP economy. Agriculture automation is a major problem and a rising topic all over the world. The population is rapidly growing, and with it, the demand for food and work. Climate change is the most significant, but also the most difficult, global issue that has yet to be solved holistically. It is no less a challenge to the agricultural sector also. While smart farming is coming to optimise agricultural products, farmers must contend with unpredictable weather patterns, shorter growing seasons, droughts, and high temperatures. Here, the notion of Climate Smart Agriculture might help farmers anticipate such eventualities and prepare themselves to not just survive but prosper by conserving or even boosting agricultural productivity. Agriculture has undergone a transformation as a result of artificial intelligence. This technique has safeguarded crop yields from a variety of conditions including climate change, population increase, job troubles, and food security concerns. Data-driven procedures powered by AI and machine learning in conjunction with big data technologies and highperformance computing can aid in increasing productivity and output, preserving ecosystems, strengthening adaptation to climate change, dealing with extreme weather, such as drought, flood, and other calamities, and gradually improving land and soil quality. AI-based technologies are already influencing agricultural practises in India. Some Indian farmers with a large amount of cultivable land are now leaning toward smart farming, which uses AI-enabled sophisticated technologies, such as autonomous tractors equipped with GPS and various other sensors, such as digital cameras to plant crops, apply fertilisers, spray pesticides, manage weeds, determine the need for irrigation, predict yield, and so on in more efficient ways than ever before. In this book, a total of thirteen chapters about climate smart agriculture, developmental programmers and application of Artificial Intelligence have been incorporated across the agriculture, animal husbandry and fisheries sector. The content of this book deals with strategies and impact of climate smart agricultural practices, current application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning has also been deal with. This book will definitely help academician, researchers and student in better understanding of climate change related issues, adaptation and mitigation strategies and use of artificial intelligence
Dr. Anirban Mukherjee is working as a Scientist, Division of Socio-economics and Extension, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). He has done M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Agricultural Extension from Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. He is the recipient of Jawaharlal Nehru Award for P.G. outstanding Doctoral Thesis Research in Agriculture and Allied Science in 2019. His research focus is Farmers Producer Organization, household food and nutrition security in eastern India. He is particularly keen on application of models for forecasting growth and impact of technology in society. His research experience spans more than 8 years, with focus on impact assessment, farmers organization, effectiveness of extension system, gender and livelihood enhancement. He has published more than 30 research and review articles in international and national journals, 3 books, more than 40 book chapters, Scientific and technical articles in reputed magazines. Till date he was awarded 3 best paper presentation awards in International Conferences and as Young Scientist Awards from two professional societies of India.
Dr. Rohan Kumar Raman, Scientist (Agricultural Statistics) working at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna. Dr Raman has completed his graduation (2008) from Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar. He has completed Post Graduate (2010) and Doctor of Philosophy (2014) from Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi. He has more than eight years of professional experience in the field of data analytics and research. He is three times recipient of young scientist awards (2017, 2018 and 2022) from the professional societies. He has developed calibrated estimators for survey sampling in non-response situations, time series forecasting model for total fish landing in Chilika lake, Odisha, multispecies time series modelling tools for commercial fisheries in a tropical river-estuary system, India. He has also contributed as data analytical experts in the field of bioinformatics, crop sciences, veterinary and fisheries sciences. He has more than 70 national and international publications, book chapters and popular articles. He has published a book “Concept Building in Fisheries Data Analysis”. He has experience of working on several research projects of national and international importance in the area of agricultural statistics.
Dr. Dhiraj Kumar Singh is currently Senior Scientist at Division of Socio-economics and Extension, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar. Earlier he has served as Scientist in ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla from 2010 to 2017. He obtained his Bachelor degree in Agriculture from Dr BS KKV, Dapoli (Maharashtra) with first class distinction and Post-Graduation and Ph.D. Degree (Agricultural Extension) from ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. He has received Young Scientist Award from Indian Society of Extension Education, New Delhi in 2016 and Excellence in Extension Award from Agro Environmental Development Society, Rampur (U.P.) during 2021. He has more than 12 years of research experiences in the field of Agricultural Extension and Transfer of Technology. He is currently working on adoption related studies, use of ICT in agriculture, value chain management and evaluation of electronic platforms for agricultural trade. He has edited three books and published more than 35 research papers and 80 popular articles/book chapters/ Technical/Extension bulletins, etc.
Dr. Rakesh Kumar has obtained B.Sc. (Ag.) (2005) from ANGRAU, Hyderabad; M.Sc. (Ag.) Agronomy (2007) with a first rank and Gold Medal in NRM Group from RAU, Pusa, Samastipur; and Ph.D. (2013) from Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi. Dr. Kumar is the recipient of ICAR-SRF (2007) and secured 1st rank in the Plant Science Group across the country. Dr. Kumar served as Scientist (August 28, 2010-April 19, 2014) at the ICAR Research Complex for North East Hill (NEH) Region, Umiam; Scientist, Senior Scale at ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam (April 19, 2014 - November 6, 2015) and ICAR RC for Eastern Region, Patna (November 10, 2015 - April 19, 2019), Senior Scientist (April 20, 2019 to till date) at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna. Dr. Kumar has made an outstanding research contribution in field of crop diversification, climate resilient cropping systems, ricefallow management, and conservation agriculture (CA) in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (EIGP). He has published more than 150 peer reviewed research articles, of which 60 are in >6.0 NAAS rating with total citation of 2492 and h-index of 27. He has also published 15 review articles, 80 popular articles, 20 books/manuals, 10 extension folders and presented more than 10 papers in seminars/symposia/conference. He was conferred to the prestigious ICAR D.N. Borthakur Award (2014) for outstanding team research in farming system and ICAR-Fakhruddinn Ali Ahmad Award (2015) for outstanding contribution in tribal farming system research in Nagaland. Recently, he has been awarded by the About the Editors / vi National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Associates Award 2022 in Natural Resource Management (NRM) and Indian Society of Agronomy (ISA) Associateship Award 2020 for his outstanding contribution in the field of research, publications and wider adoption and promotion of concept/process/technology dissemination among farming community for improving their livelihoods.
Dr. Kumari Shubha is a vegetable Scientist at Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) since 2016. Currently she is working in Division of Crop Research, ICAR-Research Complex of Eastern Region, Patna. Her current work focuses on developing strategies to ensure food and nutrition security for rural farmers in Eastern India thereby achieving a living income and overcoming poverty and reaching a decent standard of living. Prior to this, she was working at ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India. She holds a bachelor’s degree in Horticulture, a master’s and a Ph.D. degree in Vegetable Science. She was the Gold Medallist in her graduation, post-graduation degrees and recipient of DST Inspire Fellow. She has published more than 15 research and review papers in international and national journals, one book and more than 8 book chapters in reputed books. He has been awarded as young scientist award from two reputed scientific societies of India.
Dr. Ujjwal Kumar, Head, Division of Socio-economics and Extension of ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). His area of interest is Information and Communication, Transfer of Agricultural Technologies and Participatory process. Presently his focus of study is livelihood improvement through Resource Conservation and Farming System. He is the recipient of the ICAR team award for the Biennium 2001-2002 in the year 2004 for the outstanding contribution in the field of Institute Village Linkage Programme and Indian Society of Extension Education (ISEE) - Fellow Award-2016. Dr Kumar holds Master degree and Ph.D. in Extension Education from Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (India). He has also served as Transmission Executive (Farm & Home) in the All India Radio during initial phase of his career. Dr Kumar has published 40 research papers in the journal of International and National repute, edited three Books, contributed more than 15 book chapters and wrote many technical and popular articles. He has more than 20 years of research and extension experience in agricultural field. He has been involved either as PI or Co-PI in 13 institute projects and 09 foreign and externally funded projects related to Livelihood Improvement, Water About the Editors / vii Management, Integrated Farming System, Value Chain, Need and Impact Assessment, Participatory Technology Development, Resource Conservation Technology, Technology outscaling and Performance and status of SHGs.
Dr. Abhay Kumar is Principal Scientist (Agricultural Statistics), working in Division of Socio-economics and Extension. He is Post Graduate and Ph.D. in statistics from Patna University, Patna (Bihar). He has more than 27 years of experience in ICAR in various capacities. He has also served as a Scientist at CSWRI, Avikanagar during 1995-2000. He has also taken lead in many national (NAIP component 3) and international projects like ICRISAT funded VDSA. He has published more than 50 research papers in national and international journals and also published several technical bulletins.
Efforts in Climate Smart Agriculture
1. Climate Smart Village Model and Its Influence on Farming in Lower Indo-Gangetic Plains of Bihar ........................ 1 Anirban Mukherjee, N. Raju Singh, Manisha Tamta, P.K. Sundaram, Kumari Shubha, Raju Kumar, Abhay Kumar and A.K. Chaudhury
2. Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture in a Changing Climatic Scenario ............................................................ 9 Manisha Tamta, Sant Kumar Singh, Abhishek Kumar Dubey, Santosh Kumar, Sharad Kumar Dwivedi, Rakesh Kumar and Janki Sharan Mishra
3. Climate Smart Agriculture for Better Production System ........ 41 Gopal Dutta, Bappa Paramanik and Animesh Mandal
4. Impact of Conservation Agriculture on Ecosystem Services ........................................................................... 59 Nandita Mandal, Pragati Pramanik Maity, Sonali Paul Mazumdar, Anirban Mukherjee and Bidisha Chakrabarti
5. Aquaponics as a Tool for Adapting Climate Mediated Challenges ....................................................................... 81 Jham Lal, Soibam Khogen Singh, Pradyut Biswas, Pronob Das Reshmi Debbarma and Gusheinzed Waikhom
6. Climate Smart Aquaculture in Bihar for Addressing Food Security .................................................................................... 97 Vivekanand Bharti, Jaspreet Singh, Kamal Sarma, Tarkeshwar Kumar and Surendra Kumar Ahirwal
7. Biofloc Technology (BFT), A Climate Smart Tool for Fish Farming ........................................117 Jaspreet Singh, Kamal Sarma, Tarkeshwar Kumar, S.K. Ahirwal, S.M. Raut and V. Bharti
Developmental Programs in Climate Smart Agriculture
8. World Developmental Programmes on Climate Change and Its Implications on Agriculture ............................131 Asit Nandi, Sumeet Kumar Singh and Sarita Kumari
9. Various National and International Initiatives on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation ............................149 Sukanya Barua, Rajeev Kumar, V. Sangeetha, Satyapriya and L. Muralikrishnan
10. Empowering Women through Climate Smart Livestock Farming ....................................................165 Mahua Bhattacharjee, Anindita Roy Saha and Shivani Mehta
AI Application in Climate Smart Agriculture
11. Role of Artificial Intelligence in Bringing Agricultural Revolution ........................................................................................179 Rohan Kumar Raman, Abhay Kumar, A.K. Yadav, Samrendra Das, Sudip Sarkar and Ujjwal Kumar
12. Comprehensive Scenario Analysis of Straw Management in Punjab and West Bengal .................................187 Pinaki Roy, Sangeeta Bhattacharyya, Manmeet Kaur, Kapil Mohan Sharma, Manashi Barman, Aditi Guha Choudhury and Pradipta Bhowmick
13. Machine Learning Application for Aluminium Stress Responsive Genes Selection in Soybean .....................................201 Samarendra Das, Rohan Kumar Raman and Anil Kumar Yadav
