Feed plays a very important role in successful pig production. Therefore, feeding of pigs require extra attention. Feed alone represents about 70-75 per cent of the total cost of producing hogs. Here in this book, we the authors try to highlight the complete idea regarding various non-conventional feed used for feeding of pigs. We have incorporated some research findings regarding nutrient composition of nonconventional feed, percentage used for feeding of pigs, their effect on growth performance as well as feeding regime. We hope, this book will be useful to the students, Scientists as well as the field Veterinarians and all other personnel concerned with piggery for better knowledge and further research.
Papori Talukdar working as an Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam. She has published two books, one book chapter, twenty eight research articles at different national and international journal, and several popular articles and folder. She has attended many national and international seminars, symposium and refresher training courses. Now-a-days, she is actively involved in teaching, research and extension activities at College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam.
Dibyajyoti Talukdar working as an Assistant Professor at Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India. He has published three books, eighty two research articles at different national and international journal, ten manuals and several popular articles and folder. He has attended many national and international seminars, symposium and refresher training courses. Now-a-days, he is actively involved in teaching, research and extension activities at College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram.
1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 1
1.1 Status of Pig Production in the North-Eastern Region of India.............................................................................. 1
1.2 Status of Pig Population in the North-Eastern Region of India.............................................................................. 5
2 Scientific Feeding of Pigs .................................................................... 7
2.1 Forms of Feed Delivered to the Pigs ........................................ 7
2.2 Feeds for Energy and Fattening .............................................. 15
2.3 Feeds that Cause Soft Pork ....................................................... 19
2.4 Feeding of Brewery and Distillery By-products .................. 20
2.5 Feeding of Protein Rich Diet .................................................... 20
2.6 Feeding of Roughages ............................................................... 21
2.7 Feeding of Various Categories of Pigs ................................... 21
2.8 Types of Ration for Pigs ............................................................ 25
2.9 Nutrient Requirement of Pigs .................................................. 25
2.10 Feed Requirement per Pig per day ......................................... 25
2.11 Water Requirement of Pigs ....................................................... 26
2.12 Flushing ........................................................................................ 27
3 Non-Conventional Feed Resources (NCFR) ................................. 29
3.1 Background.................................................................................. 29
3.2 Definition ..................................................................................... 32
3.3 Quality and Characteristics of NCFR ..................................... 32
3.4 Availability .................................................................................. 34
3.5 Qualitative Aspects and Nutritive Value ............................... 34
3.6 Constraints to the Uses of Non-Conventional Feed Resources............................................................................ 34
3.7 Agro-industrial By-products .................................................... 35
3.8 Field and Plantation Crops used for Feeding of Livestock ...................................................................................... 35
3.9 Non-Conventional Feeds for Energy Sources ...................... 40
3.10 Non-Conventional Feeds for Vegetable Protein Sources .......................................................................................... 41
3.11 Non-Conventional Feeds for Animal Protein Sources ........ 42
3.12 Techniques to Improve Utilization of Non-Conventional Feedstuff.................................................... 43
4 Current Status of Utilization of Locally Available Non-Conventional Feed Resources (NCFR) for Low Cost Feeding of Pigs ..................................................................................... 47
4. Categories of NCFR ................................................................... 47
4.1 Non-Conventional Feeds for Energy Sources ...................... 47
4.2 Non-Conventional Feeds for Protein Sources ...................... 56
4.3 Non-Conventional Feeds for Moderate Energy and Animal Protein Sources ............................................................. 63
4.4 Field and Plantation Crops used for Feeding of Livestock ...................................................................................... 69
4.5 Miscellaneous .............................................................................. 70
4.5 Non-Conventional Forages and Tree Leaves ....................... 73
5 Swine Feeding Practices and Rearing Habits in North-Eastern Region of India ......................................................... 87
5.1 Swine Feeding and Rearing Practices in Assam, India ....... 87
5.2 Swine Feeding and Rearing Practices in the Peren District of Nagaland, India ....................................................... 90
5.3 Swine Feeding and Rearing Practices in Mizoram, India............................................................................ 96
5.4 Swine Feeding and Rearing Practices in Arunachal Pradesh, India .......................................................... 98
5.5 Swine Feeding and Rearing Practices in Tripura, India ............................................................................ 102
5.6 Swine Feeding and Rearing Practices in Meghalaya, India ...................................................................... 104
5.7 Swine Feeding and Rearing Practices in Manipur, India .......................................................................... 107
References ............................................................................................ 114
Index ..................................................................................................... 129
